Long-distance positioning is a critical challenge in shield tunneling, where confined spaces, dust, vibration, and non-line-of-sight conditions limit conventional survey methods. A dedicated long-distance positioning system combines total stations, laser targets, inertial measurement units, and automatic guidance software to maintain continuous machine tracking. The total station provides absolute reference coordinates at long intervals, while the inertial unit bridges gaps when line of sight is blocked. Laser targets and prisms correct accumulated drift, and the control unit fuses data through a robust filter. Real-time algorithms calculate cutterhead position, attitude, and deviation from the design axis. This enables operators to adjust thrust and articulation promptly, reducing overcut and surface settlement. The system also supports automatic deformation monitoring and data logging for quality traceability. In curved and deep tunnels, wireless or fiber-optic communication transmits measurements to the control room, where visual dashboards display trends and alarms. Regular calibration and redundant sensors improve reliability in harsh conditions. Because GNSS is unavailable underground, the system relies on robust local references and drift compensation. By integrating multi-source measurements, the long-distance positioning system delivers stable accuracy over kilometers, enhances safety, and supports faster, more precise shield tunneling.