Long-distance positioning systems are changing how water conservancy projects are monitored and managed. By combining GNSS, RTK correction services, wireless communication, and cloud platforms, engineers can track dams, canals, reservoirs, gates, and pump stations across wide areas in real time. High-precision coordinates help detect settlement, slope movement, and structural deformation before small risks become serious failures. In the field, reference stations and remote monitoring terminals send positioning data through 4G, 5G, LoRa, or satellite links. The cloud platform processes corrections, stores time-series records, and issues alerts when displacement or water-level changes exceed thresholds. This supports safer dam operation, efficient irrigation scheduling, flood control, and emergency response, especially in remote basins where manual inspection is slow and costly. For reliable deployment, projects should use stable power, lightning protection, redundant communication, and robust data security. Clear installation standards and regular calibration improve accuracy and reduce maintenance. With intelligent analysis and open interfaces, a long-distance positioning system can connect with hydrological sensors and management systems, creating a scalable foundation for smart water conservancy and long-term infrastructure safety. It also strengthens early warning. This integrated approach improves decision-making, lowers inspection costs, and supports sustainable water resource management.